One solution would be to use low-flow sprinkler heads to lower the system demand at or below 20 gpm. To find the perfect balance of cost and effectiveness, let’s play out a scenario.Ī typical fire sprinkler design requires 26 gpm, which is fine for 3/4-inch and 1-inch meters, but exceeds the maximum flow for 5/8-inch meters. These can reduce necessary required flow to as little as 16 gpm, but can often require more sprinklers, adding to the cost of the system. There are also low-flow sprinklers with smaller k-factors to protect 12-foot by 12-foot or 14-foot by 14-foot areas with flows as little as 8 gpm and 10 gpm, respectively. Of course, this can vary depending on system requirements and the designer, and increasing sprinkler spacing or using sidewall sprinklers can increase the flow demand significantly beyond 26 gpm. Hence, the most common demand for two sprinklers flowing is 26 gpm. The minimum pressure and flow for these sprinklers is 7 psi at 13 gpm for spacing up to 16 feet by 16 feet. The most commonly used residential sprinklers are 4.9 k-factor pendant sprinklers. The National Fire Protection Association 13D Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes requires system sizing to provide flow for up to the two most hydraulically demanding sprinklers located in the same compartment. 20 gpm for 5/8-inch or 5/8- x 3/4-inch meters.
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